Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) 血小板富集血漿 / 生長因子注射

What is PRP?

PRP is the abbreviation of Platelet-rich plasma. Through professional separation technology, the blood extracted from the body is extracted to separate high-concentration platelet plasma. It is a new trend in the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries and joint degeneration, and is also one of the categories of proliferative therapy and regenerative medicine.

What are the effects of PRP?

PRP is rich in a variety of growth factors and cell activation hormones, which allow damaged tissues to repair themselves, including local cell proliferation, cell migration, cell differentiation, and angiogenesis, and finally promote tissue regeneration, adjust inflammatory response, and accelerate wound healing. At present, clinical literature has confirmed that the application of PRP in rehabilitation can improve joint degeneration and repair tendon and ligament injuries. In skin medicine and cosmetology, it is used to promote the activation of skin tissue cells, treat baldness, and rejuvenate and anti-aging. PRP has obviously become a new trend in medical treatment.

PRP 是什麼?

PRP是Platelet-rich plasma的英文縮寫，中文是「高濃度血小板血漿」，透過專業分離技術，將抽出來自體的血液萃取分離出富含高濃度血小板血漿的治療方式，是目前針對肌腱與韌帶損傷、關節退化的治療新趨勢，亦是增生療法、再生醫學的範疇之一。

PRP的功效?

PRP富含多種生長因子(Growth factors)與細胞活化激素(Cytokines)，讓受損組織進行自體修復4大必要條件，包括局部細胞增生(Proliferation)、細胞移行(Migration)、細胞分化(Cell differentiaton)、血管新生(Angiogenesis)，最後達到促進組織再生、調整發炎反應、加速傷口癒合。目前臨床文獻已證實，PRP在復健科的應用可以改善關節退化與修復肌腱與韌帶損傷，在皮膚醫學美容利用促進皮膚組織細胞活化，用來處理禿頭、回春抗衰老，PRP顯然成為醫療新趨勢。

PRP Joint Injection

PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma) therapy is widely used in rehabilitation medicine. Besides treating common osteoarthritis, it is also applied to conditions such as frozen shoulder, tennis elbow, plantar fasciitis, muscle tears, tendon or ligament injuries, rotator cuff damage, joint cartilage injuries, and other sports-related injuries. It is advised to undergo a thorough medical evaluation and diagnosis by a physician to ensure PRP injection is suitable.

Who may not be suitable for PRP injections?

PRP therapy is not appropriate for everyone. A professional medical evaluation is required to assess a patient's health status. If a patient has any of the following six conditions, PRP injection might not be suitable:

1. Malignant tumors (presence of cancer cells)
2. Autoimmune diseases (where white blood cells attack tendons or ligaments)
3. Sepsis or active infection (bacteria present in the blood)
4. Complete tendon or ligament rupture, fractures (severe injuries that are better suited for surgery)
5. Uncontrolled diabetes (which affects the quality of PRP extraction)
6. Platelet deficiency

For individuals with platelet deficiency or those on long-term anti-platelet medication, there are alternative regenerative therapies such as Amniofix®, which utilizes amniotic and chorionic tissues from the placenta. This tissue is rich in 285 growth factors (including PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, bFGF, TGF-β1, EGF, etc.), cytokines, and chemokines, all of which help promote tissue repair.

Key factors affecting PRP injection efficacy

• PRP concentration: Effective PRP requires a platelet concentration 2-5 times higher than normal blood levels. Traditional PRP costs NT$15,000–20,000, whereas BaM Therapy, a biomedical-grade PRP, enhances platelet and growth factor concentration 3–5 times more through an automated separation system, costing NT$30,000–35,000.
• Removing excess joint fluid beforehand: In cases of knee osteoarthritis, excess joint fluid should be drained before PRP injection to prevent dilution and reduced efficacy.
• Image-guided precision injection: Using ultrasound guidance ensures PRP is accurately injected into the damaged area for better healing.
• Avoiding anti-inflammatory medications: Patients should avoid medications like painkillers or cold medicine after PRP injection to prevent interference with tissue repair.
• Adequate nutrition and sleep: Supplements such as collagen, vitamin B-complex, and vitamin C aid tissue regeneration, and maintaining good sleep habits enhances recovery.

How often should PRP injections be administered?

There is no universal standard for optimal dosage, frequency, or duration of PRP treatments. Research suggests that PRP intra-articular injections outperform hyaluronic acid injections for osteoarthritis, especially in younger patients or those with mild to moderate arthritis. Typically, 3-4 injections spaced three to four weeks apart are recommended, depending on the severity of tissue damage and individual recovery progress.

Although PRP is a safe and well-established regenerative treatment, it should not be seen as a cure-all. Always consult a specialist for evaluation and follow post-injection guidelines to achieve the best results.

PRP 關節注射

PRP在復健科使用的範圍相當廣泛，除了常見的退化性關節炎外，還包括五十肩、網球肘、足底筋膜炎、肌肉撕裂傷、肌腱或韌帶受傷、肩膀旋轉肌袖損傷、關節軟骨受傷以及其他運動傷害，建議先請醫師做完整個評估與詳細的檢查，確保自己疾病的診斷適合接受PRP注射。

哪些人可能不適合PRP注射？

並非所有人都適合接受PRP注射，必須經由專業醫師評估患者健康，如果患者有以下6種狀況，可能並不適合：

1. 惡性腫瘤(癌細胞)
2. 自體免疫疾病(白血球會攻擊肌腱或韌帶)
3. 敗血症或發燒感染中(血液中有細菌)
4. 肌腱韌帶完全斷裂、骨折(太過嚴重較適合手術)
5. 血糖控制不良(萃取的品質不好)
6. 血小板缺乏症

患有血小板缺乏的人或是長期有在使用抗血小板藥物的患者，不需要沮喪。臨床上此類病人可以選擇另一種再生療法 – 羊膜與絨毛膜注射(Amniofix ®)，羊膜與絨毛膜組織乃是來自母體胎盤，是最靠近胎兒的組織，提供胎兒養分與保護，富含285種生長因子（包含PDGF-AA、PDGF-BB、bFGF、TGF-β1、EGF等等）、細胞激素及趨化因子，亦可以達到組織修復的目的。

PRP注射有效的關鍵因素？

• PRP萃取的濃度是關鍵，市面上各式各樣廠商的PRP，也衍生出不同的價錢，傳統正規的PRP血小板濃度濃縮須達2~5倍才會有效，自費價位會落在15000~20000元；生物活性因子療法(BaM therapy)又稱為生醫級PRP，乃是透過全自動專利分離設備具備智能光學感應細胞蒐集，使生醫級PRP相較於傳統PRP擁有生長因子濃度(PDGF,EGF)多出至少3~5倍，同時也蒐集到部分的紅血球與特定單核球有效提升組織的修復，整個分離過程採全封閉式系統，減少染污與增加安全性，價位落在30000-35000元，單次採取的血量也比傳統PRP多，不只修復效果提升也適合多部位治療
• 關節積水需先抽掉是關鍵，常見的如膝關節，臨床上退化性膝關節炎容易伴隨關節積水，此時在施打PRP前需要先將關節積液抽掉，再行打入PRP才不會被關節積液稀釋掉降低治療效果。
• 影像導引精準注射是關鍵，非常多復健診所或是骨科都有提供為患者注射PRP的治療，復健科醫師強調以超音波導引精準定位以及整合性治療，除了確保PRP注射位置正確，在處理上需要考慮關節周圍韌帶強化或是損傷部位的精準施打，才能確保治療效果。
• 施打後須避免消炎藥與配合相對休息是關鍵，很多人施打完忽略了避免消炎藥，例如感冒藥物、牙痛的藥物，以至於啟動組織修復的功效被藥物扼殺掉，此外，當組織修復免不了要配合相對休息或是採取低強度訓練，才不至於受傷和修復都是進行式，產生相互抵銷的情形
• 充足營養攝取與睡眠是關鍵，注射後除了需攝取足夠的膠原蛋白、B群及維他命C等，以補足組織修復的原料，此外，身體本需要睡眠來修復，建議注射後避免熬夜以及睡眠充足，才能讓PRP效果最佳化

PRP 注射多久打一次?

最適當的施打劑量、施打次數、效果維持時間等至今尚無明確的定論。針對退化性關節炎，近來有不少研究比較關節內PRP注射和關節內玻尿酸注射對退化性關節炎的療效，多數結果顯示關節內注射PRP比玻尿酸有更好的效果。關節內PRP注射對較年輕、關節炎較輕中度的患者，是有更佳的療效。多數研究也顯示PRP注射是安全的治療，無明顯副作用。臨床上會依照組織損傷嚴重程度以及患者修復的狀況，PRP治療的療程可能需單次或多次(3-4次)注射，兩次注射時間至少相隔三到四週，為了維持最理想的組織修復功效，建議配合專科醫師的指示與建議，才能達到再生醫療的最佳效果

PRP注射乃是增生療法中的顯學，在復健科亦是安全與成熟的再生醫療選擇之一，但也千萬不要有治療百病的迷思，建議先請專科醫師評估臨床症狀與確定診斷，才不會有療效期待上的落差，再接受PRP注射後，務必遵從專科醫師的指示，才能達到功效

PRP Scalp Injection

The principle of PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma) scalp injections involves extracting high-concentration platelet-rich plasma and injecting it into the scalp to promote follicle repair, improve hair loss, and stimulate hair growth.

PRP Scalp Injection Process

1. Hair Loss Assessment:
   Before treatment begins, a physician will conduct a comprehensive hair loss evaluation. If hair follicles are severely atrophied, the effectiveness of PRP therapy may be limited.
2. Blood Draw:
   The doctor will extract 20–40cc of blood from the patient, which will be used to isolate platelets for treatment.
3. Centrifugation of Blood Components:
   The extracted blood is placed in a centrifuge and spun at high speed to separate components such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and plasma, concentrating the platelet-rich plasma (PRP).
4. PRP Injection:
   The concentrated PRP is injected into target areas of the scalp, where growth factors help stimulate hair follicles and promote hair regrowth.
5. PPP Application and Red Light Therapy:
   After injection, PPP (low-concentration platelet plasma) is applied to the scalp for 10–15 minutes, followed by red light therapy to further accelerate scalp healing and hair regeneration.
6. Follow-up Treatment and Medication:
   Patients should follow their doctor's recommendations, which may include oral medication or other adjunctive treatments. Typically, the next PRP session is scheduled in 4–6 weeks, and 3–6 treatments are recommended for optimal results.

Benefits and Post-Treatment Care

Who Is Suitable for PRP Scalp Injections?

PRP scalp therapy benefits individuals with:

• Male/Female pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia) caused by genetic or hormonal changes.
• Alopecia areata due to autoimmune disorders.
• Telogen effluvium, triggered by stress, illness, or lifestyle changes.
• Traction alopecia, linked to prolonged hair pulling or excessive styling.
• General hair thinning where follicles remain active.
• Post-hair transplant recovery to improve healing and accelerate growth.

If hair follicles are not completely atrophied, PRP therapy can be highly effective. 3–6 treatments typically yield the best results.

Who Is NOT Suitable?

PRP injections may not be effective for individuals with:

• Fully atrophied hair follicles (PRP cannot reactivate dead follicles).
• Blood disorders (platelet dysfunction).
• Chronic illnesses (sepsis, liver disease, chronic infections).
• Long-term anticoagulant use (which may affect treatment results).
• Severe scalp infections (such as eczema).
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding (recommended to postpone treatment).

FAQ

Q1: Is PRP Scalp Injection Safe?
Since PRP uses the patient's own blood, there is no risk of allergic reactions or rejection, making it highly safe and compatible with other treatments.

Q2: What Is the Recovery Time?
PRP injections have minimal risks and rarely cause severe side effects. Mild soreness or bruising at the injection site is normal and typically subsides within two weeks.

Q3: What Should I Do Before Treatment?
Stay hydrated and eat a balanced meal to prevent dizziness during blood extraction. Inform your doctor about any health issues or medications before treatment.

Q4: When Will I See Results?
Results vary, but within 3 sessions (2–3 months), noticeable improvements are expected.

PRP頭皮注射

PRP頭皮注射的原理則是將其中的高濃度血小板血漿萃取出來，透過提高治療部位的生長因子濃度，注射至頭皮以促進毛囊修復，改善落髮問題並促進生髮。

PRP頭皮注射流程

在治療開始前，醫師會對患者進行落髮的全面評估。如果毛囊已經嚴重萎縮，PRP療效可能會受到限制。

醫師會從患者身上抽取20-40CC的血液。這些血液會被用來提取血小板，以便進行後續的治療。

抽取的血液會被放入離心機中，並進行高速旋轉。這個過程會將血液中的各種成分（如紅血球、白血球、血漿等）分離出來，從而濃縮血小板，這部分即為PRP。

完成離心後，醫師會將提取的PRP注射至目標區域，這些生長因子可以刺激毛囊，促進毛髮的生長。

注射完成後，醫師會將一層PPP（低濃度血小板血漿）血漿濕敷在頭皮上10-15分鐘，隨後，會使用紅光療法來進一步促進頭皮的傷口修復和促進毛髮的再生。

治療完成後，患者需要按照醫師的建議，搭配口服藥物或其他輔助治療此外，通常需要在4-6週後進行下一次PRP療程。根據個別情況，PRP生髮療程大致需要3-6次以上才能達到最佳效果。

PRP中的高濃度生長因子可以刺激毛囊，促進血液循環，並改善毛囊周圍的環境。儘管目前PRP頭皮注射的具體作用機制尚未完全被理解，但研究顯示，它可以加速毛囊的修復過程，縮短恢復時間，減少疼痛，並促進毛髮的生長。

血小板血漿治療(PRP) 術後注意事項

• 術後8小時後再開始洗頭及清潔頭皮。
• 返家後若注射部位感到刺痛、熱、些許脹痛感為正常現象，可於治療當日算起前3天冰敷治療部位，後3天改以熱敷改善此狀況，冰熱敷每次皆10-15分為限。
• 注射治療後2週內避免刺激性飲食，如：油炸、辛辣、菸、酒等。
• 術後盡量避免過度的頭皮摩擦或抓癢，這樣可以減少感染或刺激的風險。
• 注射後如有任何不適症狀可儘快回診給予醫師診視。

PRP頭皮注射適合誰？

適用對象：

1. 男/女性雄性禿：由遺傳或激素變化引起的掉髮。
2. 圓禿：由免疫系統異常引起的脫髮。
3. 休止期脫髮：由於壓力、疾病或生活改變等，導致毛髮進入休止期。
4. 牽引性脫髮：通常與長期拉扯或過度造型有關。
5. 頭髮稀疏：對於毛髮較稀疏但毛囊仍具有活性的情況。
6. 植髮手術後：常用於植髮手術後的輔助治療，幫助促進毛髮的恢復並加速生長。

只要毛囊受損尚未完全萎縮，屬於非疤痕性落髮者，PRP生髮療程通常會有較好的效果。建議進行3-6次以上療程，通常能達到較佳效果。

不適用對象：

• 毛囊已完全萎縮者：PRP的效果會非常有限，無法再活化毛囊。
• 血液相關疾病者：如血小板功能障礙等。
• 患有慢性疾病者：敗血症、肝臟疾病或慢性傳染病等。
• 長期服用抗凝血藥物者：可能影響療程效果及安全性。
• 頭皮嚴重感染：例如濕疹等傷口。
• 懷孕或哺乳期：為了安全起見，建議延後療程進行。

PRP頭皮注射常見問答FAQ

Q1：PRP頭皮注射治療安全嗎？

由於PRP頭皮注射使用患者自身的血液，避免了外來物質引起的過敏反應或排斥反應。因此PRP頭皮注射安全性高，可單獨施行或與其他醫療項目合併使用。

Q2：PRP頭皮注射的恢復期多長？

PRP 頭皮注射是一種低風險的治療方式，通常不會引起嚴重的副作用。治療後，注射部位可能會出現輕微痠痛或瘀青，這是正常反應，大約兩個星期後可以改善。

Q3：PRP頭皮注射施作前有哪些注意事項？

建議保持充分水分並進行正餐飲食，這樣可以避免在抽血過程中出現頭暈或不適感。此外，患者應告知醫師自己是否有任何健康問題或正在服用的藥物，以便進行個別化的治療調整。

Q4: PRP頭皮注射多久會有效果？

治療效果因每個人個人修復能力有所差異，一般而言3次以內 (2-3個月內)，就會有明顯的進步與改善。 

PRP Applications in Aesthetic Medicine

In recent years, cosmetic treatments have increasingly adopted combined therapies rather than single-method procedures. For example, in autologous fat breast augmentation, the primary goal is to ensure that the transplanted fat cells survive, and adding PRP enhances cell survival rates, leading to better results. PRP can also be combined with hyaluronic acid injections to improve nasolabial folds, making the effects longer-lasting.

Two Main Applications of PRP in Aesthetic Medicine

1. Post-Treatment Recovery: Surgical, Laser, and Chemical Therapies

PRP injections accelerate wound healing, shorten recovery time, enhance tissue regeneration, and reduce post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, helping patients achieve expected results more quickly.
PRP can be combined with treatments such as:

• Skin laser therapies: Pico laser, fractional laser
• Skin tightening treatments: Ultrasound lifting, radiofrequency lifting
• Fat grafting procedures: Autologous fat injections for facial or breast augmentation
• Intimate area surgeries

2. Repairing Existing Skin Issues: Natural Regeneration

PRP can speed up healing of scars, depressions, and wounds, stimulating tissue regeneration for a filling effect.
PRP can be combined with treatments such as:

• Hyaluronic acid fillers
• Sculptra (poly-L-lactic acid injections)
• Thread lifting procedures

PRP Aesthetic Injection Benefits

• Stimulates epidermal cell regeneration
• Reduces pigmentation
• Smooths wrinkles
• Enhances skin texture and tone
• Repairs acne scars, depressions, and wounds

PRP美容醫學應用

近年來醫美逐漸走向複合式療程，跟以往單一療法不同，例如自體脂肪隆乳，最重要的就是讓移植入的脂肪細胞存活下去，加入PRP可提高存活機率，達到更好的效果。PRP也可混合玻尿酸注射入體內，改善法令紋，使效果更持久。PRP在美容醫學的應用來說，大致上可以分為兩大部分：

一、破壞療法後之恢復：如手術、雷射光療、化學方法
透過PRP的注射加速傷口癒合，縮短修復期、增加再生、減少反黑，能夠更快達到預期效果。
可搭配項目：淨膚雷射、飛梭雷射、音波拉提、電波拉提、自體脂肪補脂手術、隆乳手術、私密處手術...等。

二、舊有問題之修復：自我修復
可針對原有疤痕、凹陷，又或是原有的傷口，可加速其修復，且刺激組織再生進而填補之效果。
可搭配項目：玻尿酸填補、舒顏萃(3D聚左旋乳酸)、埋線...等。

PRP美容輔助注射

1. 刺激表皮細胞活化再生
2. 移除色素沈澱
3. 撫平紋路
4. 膚質與膚色改善
5. 修復痘疤、凹洞、傷口